India-based Firstpost wrote that Türkiye is the "engine" of the Mecca and Badr alliances. The publication emphasized that Türkiye has a strong defense industry known for its drones, warships and armored vehicles.
According to Firstpost, Türkiye's rise as an arms exporter is one of the fastest in the world. Türkiye's defense industry exports reached $10 billion in 2025.
"The model is simple"
The publication summarized how the cooperation works: Türkiye provides technology, drones, warships and electronic warfare systems; Saudi Arabia and Qatar provide the financing; and Pakistan and Indonesia provide the factories and the market. According to Firstpost, this cooperation lowers the cost of each unit produced.
Mecca and Badr

Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement in August, under which an armed attack against one party is considered an attack against all. Türkiye, Pakistan, Indonesia and Qatar signed the Badr Memorandum of Understanding in Doha on October 21, covering joint military production, technology transfer, research and development, and technical training.
The memorandum, signed on behalf of Türkiye by Minister of National Defense Yaşar Güler, does not include a mutual defense clause, and the process will be carried out under the coordination of the Presidency of Defense Industries. The four countries have joint projects including the supply of Bayraktar TB2 drones and armored vehicles to Qatar, the MİLGEM corvette project with Pakistan, and the KAPLAN MT tank project with Indonesia.